Text | Mariam Qureshi
–
Issue 36
–
At a certain level art is a quest of the self- an activity which enables one to introspect and delve into ones inner self and ponder about the one’s self as an individual. But when an artist strives consistently to give a creative form to his personal introspection, his purpose for art making transcend to a higher purpose. For such an artist, art becomes a medium to address and reform or uproot flaws in society and mankind as a whole. Art for such a person is no longer a personal goal -it is a selfless act to contribute to a better surrounding at a collective level. Beauty and aesthetics in art then become secondary and the main purpose is to convey a message through a visual language. Artists that have transcended to serving a higher purpose through their art can be called social realist artists.
Although now almost all artists in Pakistan are addressing social concerns at some level or the other but after the inception of Pakistan there were a few very influential pioneering social realist artists. A R Nagori was a Pakistani painter known for his socio political themes. Nagori’s anti-militarism and anti-violence exhibition sponsored by the PNCA in 1986 was unceremoniously banned. He is considered to be a pioneer in protest paintings in Pakistan. Nagori’s earlier drawings were of gazelles resting under trees. Nagori himself maintains “artist must take artistic responsibility. Art should not only exist to entertain the senses but it should play a role in the improvement of our collective existence.” He adds “Dictatorship enhances the urge. I used to paint landscapes and figurative compositions of voluptuous belles. Initially I earned a reputation as a painter of attractive young ladies.”
He narrates the tales of how some “sensitive artists” promoted the dictator to win his favor. “I had my first brushing with dictatorship in 1964-65. (In the ‘80s) a painter made a portrait of Zia Ul Haq to present to the president and interestingly the dictator was depicted with red rosy cheeks and the artist was presented with the Pride of Performance award during Zia’s regime. Another presented Allah in calligraphy and he conveyed his spiritual dream in which Allama Iqbal had asked the artist to convey his greetings to the the “Mard e Momin” president for his Islamization policy in the republic.” Nagori’s three paintings of the king of spades, king of clubs and king of hearts depict the Pakistani dictators General Ayub Khan, General Zia Ul Haq and General Pervaiz Musharraf respectively. These depictions are phenomenally apt at various levels of associations. Nagori’s Lal Masjid series shows Burqa clad women attacking innocent women.
Salima Hashmi is another multifaceted personality who contributed to social concerns related to Pakistan through her creativity. She is an artist, cultural writer, painter and an anti-nuclear weapons activist. She is known for condemning the Pakistan and Indian nuclear program in 1995 in her art work. In an interview with Farida Batool in a reputed magazine she says that her artistic ideology “the human body is used as a sign to resist the atrocities of state, society and forces of bigotry. Female figures repeatedly appear in her art and they have a symbolic presence- particularly her works from 1977-1985. The depiction of the female body became a comment upon the Islamic military dictator’s dogma on reducing women to being lesser citizens and invisible entities.” Salima Hashmi maintains about her personal creative quest, “I consider my politics to be about indulging in a practice of intrinsic importance to humankind. I would like to see a lot of documentation of Pakistan art as books talk about a certain moment in the history. It may be very important for somebody in 50 years to look and see what kind of dialogue was occurring between various artists in certain given conditions.”
Ijaz Ul Hassan’s work of the ‘70s established a new trend in Pakistan painting. In the early period he took inspiration from print media, posters and cinema hoardings and all of these were used to express social concerns. A lot of his work was censored and removed from public exhibitions. In 1977 during general Zia’s regime he was one of the first activists to be arrested and put in solitary confinement in the Lahore Fort. He also painted during this period. His work was very symbolic and the images were all derived from nature. He explains “You look through a window from a confinement through sunny prospects- peering through the bars of the cell.” The painting is based on a vine girdling a tree. The entwining vine conveyed the feeling of togetherness and fulfillment. The painting talks about lilies and other natural elements express ideas and feelings ranging from pain to joy. As a critic aptly puts it, “His work does not conspire to explain the meaning of life but strengthen man’s resolve to live it.” Ijaz Ul Hassan talks about the motive behind his works, “I don’t paint the servitude and wretchedness of people, instead I paint their inherent strength.” In reference to his depiction of women- “There are two women in ‘Thah’. The one at the back is a woodcut while the other one in the foreground is a painted figure of a female film actress Firdous. I was trying to make a comment on the viewers by presenting two angles of view the consumer’s view and the creator and observer’s view.”
If ones looks in the past one can appreciate that the artist’s urge to rectify society has been a very important aspect in art since a very long time in history. Gustave Courbet (1819-1877) was a French artist and is considered to be one of the pioneers of social realist art. His aim was to look at things objectively and he was heavily against romanticism. Truth and accuracy became the main aim. Romantic emotionalism and drama were avoided and often sordid elements were not modified. He challenged conventions by depicting un-idealized peasants and workers. He was imprisoned for 6 months in 1871 during the French revolution after the dictator Napoleon III. He was part of a commune that rejected the authority of the French government.
Honore Daumier was another French printmaker, caricaturist and sculptor of the 19th century whose works offer commentary on social and political life of France. He made caricatures of political figures and satires depicting the behavior of the aristocrats and the elites of society. His caricatures of the dictator at that time led to Daumier being imprisoned for 6 months. His famous caricatures depicting members of the legal profession were a very scathing satire.
Social realist artists of Germany, also known as expressionist painters, made a great impact on the art world through their social commentary. Max Beckman 1884-1950 was a German artist whose traumatic experience of World War I led to a dramatic transformation of his style from academically correct depiction to a distortion of both figures and space reflecting his altered vision of humanity. When Adolf Hitler came to power he disliked modern art and Beckmann left Germany. Many of Beckmann’s paintings express the agonies of Europe in first half of the 20th century. The paintings reflect the decadent glamour of Germany’s cabaret culture and the brutalities of the Nazis. He voiced universal themes of terror and redemption.
George Grosz (1893-1959) was a German artist known especially for his caricaturist drawings and paintings of the Berlin life in the 1920s. In 1918 Grosz joined the communist party of Germany. He was arrested during an uprising. He presents a grotesque vision of a militaristic system and dehumanized power. He was accused of insulting the army. In 1928 he was prosecuted for blasphemy after publishing anticlerical drawings. Such as one depicting prisoners under assault from a minister who vomits grenades upon them.
It goes to show that creativity cannot thrive under mental imprisonment. Despotism is the biggest assault on creativity and an artist is the most potent and effective soldier against despotism
References
‘Art under dictatorship’. (n.d). A.R Nagori. Retrieved from: www.arnagori.com/gallery/pdf/art_under_dictatorship.pdf
Nagori – Voice of Conscience. (Sep 20th, 2007). Retrieved from: https://web.archive.org/web/20071004144821/http://jang.com.pk/thenews/sep2007-weekly/tapest-20-09-2007/index.html
Salima Hashmi:Multiple Views.(n.d). Retrieved from: http://www.artnowpakistan.com/salima-hashmi-multiple-views/
In Conversation with Salima Hashmi. (updated on Nov, 02, 2015). Farida Batool. Retrieved from: http://images.dawn.com/authors/90/farida-batool
Profile- Painting in Pakistan. (n.d). Ijaz Ul Hassan. Retrieved from:
http://www.ijazulhassan.com/Profile.html
Gustave Courbet – Wikipedia the free encyclopedia. Retrieved from: https://www.google.com.pk/search?hl=en-PK&source=hp&biw=&bih=&q=gustave+courbet&gbv=2&oq=gustave+&gs_l=heirloom-hp.1.2.0l10.4180.7070.0.12790.8.8.0.0.0.0.460.1970.3-4j1.5.0….0…1ac.1.34.heirloom-hp..3.5.1970.Jdr1jObHPUQ
Honore Daumier-Wikipedia the free encyclopedia. Retrieved from: https://www.google.com.pk/search?q=Honore+daumier&hl=en-PK&gbv=2&oq=Honore+daumier&gs_l=heirloom-serp.3..0i67j0l9.138280.146040.0.147310.28.14.0.5.5.0.380.1130.3-3.3.0….0…1ac.1.34.heirloom-serp..20.8.1250.jDEe3kZzMyg
Max Beckmann-Wikipedia the free encyclopedia. Retrieved from:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Max_BeckmannGeorge Grosz- Wikipedia the free encyclopedia. Retrieved from:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Grosz
It is released from nerve endings near the blood vessels in the corpus cavernosum of the penis after sexual stimulation cialis super active
priligy 30 mg What is testosterone
Take sildenafil at least 30 minutes, but no more than 4 hours, before sexual activity 1 hour before is the most effective buy cialis on line
By relaxing the tubes and expanding these it helps more blood flow to the penis buy viagra cialis online There is a faint perfume that is glorious
Causes of Failure to Ovulate. clomiphene citrate over the counter An extra 7k we hadn t planned for.
how long after doxycycline can i have sex 81 95 confidence interval, 0.
The four gene signature was found to be 91 accurate in an independent validation data set digoxin and lasix
Hello2. And Bye2.
аквилон владивосток гостиница хорошие отели в абхазии
кубань здравница россии отель рэдиссон соня в питере курорт увильды цены на путевки
санаторий в свердловской области недорого ритц карлтон москва цены голубая бухта официальный сайт
очамчир анапа отель альбатрос официальный сайт
чайные домики лоо поселок кореиз в крыму отели феодосии с собственным пляжем и бассейном
сероводородные отели в выборге в центре города гостиница в карталах
канатная дорога пятигорск официальный сайт олимп гостиница белгород
загородные отели все включено московская область собаки в крыму пятигорск санаторий горячий ключ
санаторий беларусь на красной поляне санаторий победа отзывы санаторий для матери и ребенка
спа отель ливадия ялта санаторий северный евпатория официальный сайт
курорт на мещерино санаторий мезмай гостиницы
на саперном гостиница санкт петербург анапа витязево гостиница валентина отдых абхазия отзывы
туры в абхазия пансионат таврия евпатория
хостел в орехово зуево недорого санаторий сосновая роща крым отзывы бассейны в адлере адреса и цены
березовая роща сочи наро фоминск отели гостиницы ас эль отель
джемете сочи отель эридан новосибирск
уютная гостиница колпино белый русь отель анри ватутинки
санатории воронежа гостиница ижма где остановиться в абхазии
generic cialis vs cialis However, medical treatment is usually not satisfactory
сочи марианна роялта отель алупка
лодия сочи отель амран гагра абхазия фото отель геркулес зеленоградск
отдых на выходных в ленинградской области ульяновск отель веб камера санатория им пирогова крым
гостиница викинг в выборге гостиница академическая калининград отзывы
анири саки сколько стоит отдых в геленджике в кисловодск на 3 дня отдых
отель каисса сочи официальный сайт сузун гостиница цены кисловодск хостелы в центре
искра химки свитанок санаторий белоруссия официальный сайт
махачкала гостиницы на берегу моря анапа океан отзывы санатории ялты цены
гостиницы устюжны вологодская область косулино отель раздолье рейтинг санаториев крыма с лечением
бишофитная ванна что это такое украина севастополь
хаят отель сочи официальный кругозор кисловодск отзывы 2021 отель 40 й меридиан коломна
отель магнолия сочи бронирование номеров спа отель пансионат южное бутово
stromectol precio It will be appreciated that the agent can be a mutagen that causes random mutations and the cells exhibiting downregulation of the expression level and or activity of the target gene or expression product thereof may be selected
адлер пансионаты цены недорогие дома отдыха в подмосковье с питанием
дербент каспийское море охотничья усадьба пушкин официальный каскад хаус пикино
букинг отели краснодара лечение в санатории жемчужина моря кабардинка отель боспор
анапа отель журавли воронеж хостелы недорого в центре
отель чайка алушта санаторий в турции с лечением цены спа отель солнечный
банк горящих путевок москва базы отдыха банка россии куда можно поехать отдыхать с собакой
пансионат изумруд мэрии москвы отдых с бассейном краснодарский край
димитровград гостиницы и отели лучший отель в воронеже голубая бездна геленджик как добраться
санатории ялты цены на 2021 год военный санаторий ессентуки ялта санатории и пансионаты
евпатория крым отель марриотт питер
ванны с минеральной водой гостиницы в видном голубой залив
гостиница альфа элиста крым отдых цены звездный пансионат
гостиницы в орле со стоимостью пансионат рассвет геленджик официальный сайт
лучшие пансионаты геленджика гостиница китай город москва пансионаты гагра
отели екатеринбурга с бассейном и спа санаторий циолковский самара на карте геленджик пансионат солнечный
Смотреть
санаторий орбита сочи официальный сайт
орбита ольгинка отзывы
аделия гостиница в санкт петербурге
адов водопад в горячем
матрешка плаза тольятти
Pattern 5 was scaled up via the addition of 100 ОјL aliquots of ethanol to approximately 500 mg of amorphous Compound 1 as a di HCl salt until a mobile slurry was formed nolvadex
санаторий крым мо рф
вологда гостиница вояж
санатория луч кисловодск
red hotel новосибирск
курорты россии список и цены
озерск гостиница
абхазия литфонд
гостиница рыбак южно сахалинск официальный
гостиница чехов екатеринбург
сочи гостиница букинг
кукуруза сочи
санаторий сочинский г сочи
реабилитационный центр самара после инсульта
туристско оздоровительный комплекс приморье
канатная дорога ясная поляна гаспра
отель liberty fly
санаторий им мориса тореза
айвазовский партенит
фитохол цена в беларуси
владимир отели с бассейном
гостиница центральная орехово зуево
lotus hotel
санаторий машук пятигорск официальный
хостел в красногорске
детские санатории с родителями
гостиница лиана евпатория
отели в сочи 3 звезды
package deals to cancun all inclusive
[url=http://alansab.net/forum/member.php?u=822959]hyatt ziva cancun all inclusive with flight[/url]
Maynard MUBLZuROofVTA 5 29 2022 buy doxycycline hyclate 100mg acne
family moon palace cancun rooms
cancun mexico flight
cancun kids resort
best resorts cancun
hoteles en can cun
beaches cancun all inclusive
Welcome to the world of adult Dating loveawake.ru
moon palace vacation packages
best resort to stay in cancun
best places to stay in cancun all inclusive
cancun travel
For certain products of this drug, an empty tablet shell may appear in your stool lasix medicine
best all inclusive resorts in cancun hotel zone
palace resorts cancun
Descriptive and correlational data were examined for these study participants pregnant on clomid Studies in the myeloma cell lines demonstrated that PB treatment induced activation of caspases 3, 7, and 9 accompanied by cleavage of their substrates and internucleosomal DNA degradation
best hyatt properties in the us
all-inclusive cancun
riviera cancun luxury vacation
adult only cancun resorts
cancun mexico luxury resorts
all inclusive vacation deals cancun
hoteles cancun all inclusive
adult only cancun
tulum seaweed
cabo transfers reviews
resort cancun mexico all inclusive
cheap all inclusive vacation cancun
pharcharmy online no script ed pills online canada
https://metformin.pro/# metformin price singapore
metformin 500 mg tablet price in india can i buy metformin without a prescription
https://valtrex.pro/# how can i get valtrex
https://valtrex.pro/# valtrex best prices
sildenafil buy nz buy sildenafil generic india
https://canadiandrugpharmacy.best/# canadian pharmacy world
sildenafil over the counter south africa rx sildenafil tablets
https://datingsiteonline.site/# singles ads
https://canadiandrugpharmacy.best/# best mail order pharmacy canada
AIs A romatase I nhibitors female viagra pill near me
https://datingonlinehot.com/# dating website free
https://cheapestedpills.com/# ed pills gnc
Immediate fear conditioning freezing time just after conditioning last minute the freezing time just before conditioning first three minutes On the second day, to test cue fear conditioning, mice were tested in a novel context in which floor texture, odor, and shape of the chamber had been altered how long does lasix last Rituximab is manufactured by Genentech
Don t give me chocolates or romantic dinners in gourmet restaurants clomiphene capsules for sale
https://cheapestedpills.com/# ed treatment drugs
About one percent of couples that have been trying to conceive for a year without success will have normal findings after a standard fertility work up priligy amazon canada 5, which are mesoderm cells Bennett et al
https://noprescriptioncanada.shop/# my canadian pharmacy rx
https://noprescriptioncanada.shop/# canadian meds without prescription
viagra no prescription canadian pharmacy the discount pharmacy
https://noprescriptioncanada.com/# medication without prior prescription
stromectol ivermectin tablets cost of ivermectin medicine
https://stromectolst.com/# ivermectin tablets uk
stromectol without prescription ivermectin for sale
ivermectin lice oral ivermectin 2%
ivermectin 4000 mcg ivermectin gel
https://stromectolst.com/# ivermectin uk coronavirus
ivermectin 2mg order stromectol
https://stromectolst.com/# ivermectin brand
ivermectin 5 ivermectin tablets uk
stromectol for humans buy ivermectin nz
https://stromectolst.com/# where to buy stromectol
ivermectin 4 stromectol uk
stromectol nz stromectol 3mg tablets
stromectol generic name generic stromectol
all inclusive resorts in cancun hotel zone
hoteles cancun
mexican pharmacy online online pharmacy without prescription
https://drugs1st.shop/# online pharmacy in turkey
top mail order pharmacies us online pharmacy
new cancun resorts
travel packages to cancun mexico all inclusive
canadian mail order pharmacy pharmacy discount card
https://drugs1st.com/# reliable canadian pharmacy
canadian pharmacy viagra 100mg pharmacy express
new resorts in cancun 2016
resorts in cancun mexico
best family resort in cancun
cancun res
mexican pharmacy online secure medical online pharmacy
https://drugs1st.com/# canadian pharmacy near me
me cancun all inclusive package
biggest resort in cancun
foreign pharmacy online canadian pharmacy meds
cancun five star hotels
cancun inclusive resorts
us online pharmacy canadian pharmacy generic levitra
online pharmacy reddit mexican pharmacy online
https://drugs1st.com/# legit online pharmacy
nicest all inclusive resorts in cancun
best resorts near cancun
canadian mail order pharmacy 24 hr pharmacy
https://drugs1st.com/# canadian pharmacy world coupons
vacations packages cancun
cancun resort hotels
best online pharmacy india mexican pharmacy online
best online foreign pharmacy canadian pharmacy viagra 50 mg
https://drugs1st.shop/# canadian pharmacy ltd
canadian pharmacy sarasota canadian online pharmacy no prescription
online pharmacy without scripts vipps canadian pharmacy
https://drugs1st.shop/# canadian pharmacy viagra 100mg
best canadian pharmacy top mail-order pharmacies in usa
top mail-order pharmacies in usa rx pharmacy coupons
ciprofloxacin cipro 500mg best prices
prednisone price south africa order prednisone with mastercard debit
amoxicillin 500mg capsules price buy amoxicillin 500mg capsules uk
fun resorts in cancun
cancun all inclusive resorts
can i buy doxycycline online doxycycline 40 mg
all inclusive near cancun
sex vacations for singles united states
ciprofloxacin over the counter ciprofloxacin
map of cancun resorts all inclusive
cancun couples resorts
order amoxicillin no prescription can you purchase amoxicillin online
luxury resort cancun
cancun suite resorts
zithromax 250 mg tablet price generic zithromax 500mg india
cancon resort
5 star resorts in cancun mexico all inclusive
ciprofloxacin order online ciprofloxacin generic price
5 star resorts in cancun
suites cancun mexico
buy cipro cipro online no prescription in the usa
best pools in cancun
best hotels for kids in cancun
cipro online no prescription in the usa ciprofloxacin
doxycycline price singapore 100 doxycycline
cheap trip to cancun
https://red-viajes.com/11-cosas-culturales-que-hacer-en-goa-mas-alla-de-las-playas-y-bares/
cost of prednisone tablets over the counter prednisone pills
cancun resort beach
https://www.mustat.com/cookingclassesgoa.com
mexico cancun resorts all inclusive
https://1abakan.ru/forum/showthread-41046/
[url=https://edpills.science/#]buy erection pills[/url] what is the best ed pill
https://prednisone1st.science/# prednisone cost in india
buy prednisone no prescription prednisone 5 mg tablet price
all inclusive resorts in cancun with casino
https://cassellsghantoothotel.com/article/north-goa-vs-south-goa-the-never-ending-dilemma-of-visiting-the-hippest-city-in-2022
new ed pills ed pills cheap
resort mexico cancun
https://trantor.is/content/O6C2zSvxpQuQ6S0-/ebook-14-north-goa-goa7a.xhtml
propecia order generic for propecia
https://edpills.science/# generic ed pills
prednisone without prescription can i buy prednisone online without prescription
cheap erectile dysfunction pill gnc ed pills
drug finasteride buy propecia tablets
https://prednisone1st.science/# 5mg prednisone
herbal ed treatment top ed pills
best ed drugs ed meds
https://prednisone1st.science/# prednisone canada pharmacy
no prescription online prednisone buy prednisone online australia
buy propecia usa propecia pill
generic ed drugs generic ed drugs
canadian pharmacy cialis cheap medications without a doctor’s prescription
secure generic pills ed pills online from india
https://indiapharmacy.store/# overseas pharmacies shipping to usa
pharmacy in canada for viagra fda approved pharmacies in canada
https://withoutprescriptions.store/# compare prescription prices
https://canadianpharmacy.icu/# cheapest pharmacy canada
https://withoutprescriptions.store/# buy canadian pharmacy
dates websites 100% free dating service
https://datingonline1st.shop/# dating sites really free
personal ads free granny fuck dating
https://datingonline1st.shop/# date personal
100% free dating site in europe positive single
dating free online sites best online dating and chatrooms travel
https://datingonline1st.shop/# top free dating sites
local free chatline asians dating site
over the counter medication for uti united healthcare over the counter essentials
cvs over the counter asthma inhaler over the counter sleeping pills
https://drugsoverthecounter.com/# what does over the counter mean
over the counter allergy medicine scabies treatment over the counter walmart
over the counter flu medicine over the counter eczema cream
over the counter ed pills over the counter essentials
nausea medication over the counter hydroxychloroquine over the counter
over the counter sleep aids that work fluconazole over the counter
anti nausea medication over the counter over the counter antihistamine
diuretics over the counter over the counter medicine
https://drugsoverthecounter.com/# corticosteroids over the counter
ringworm treatment over the counter over the counter muscle relaxer
over the counter diuretics bv treatment over the counter
nausea medication over the counter rightsource over the counter
buy cialis daily online Some drugs slow down the rate at which the liver changes and breaks down CBD
cheap cialis online canadian pharmacy 25 mg once per day between 1 3 days a week
ivermectin over the counter over the counter health and wellness products
https://over-the-counter-drug.com/# rightsourcerx over the counter
cvs over the counter asthma inhaler best over the counter cold medicine
over-the-counter over the counter testosterone
over the counter viagra substitute what can you give a dog for pain relief over the counter?
over the counter arthritis medicine over the counter appetite suppressant
They are almost 4 month thanks to Jehova and these site and Heather Rodriguez online lasix cheap He is now on dococycline and singulair as suggested by Dr
over the counter medicine for anxiety and stress best over the counter toenail fungus treatment
https://zithromax.science/# purchase zithromax z-pak